LIBYA SOME IMPORTANT DATA
Bleitrach
Posted by Danielle February 24, 2011 Last minute, Economics, History, Africa, North Africa, Mediterranean, Middle East
brief history and what happens there now?
Posted by Danielle February 24, 2011 Last minute, Economics, History, Africa, North Africa, Mediterranean, Middle East
brief history and what happens there now?
This analysis attempts to explain what is rarely mentioned on the Libyan system, its choice of a welfare state, and clearly progressive in particular on women's issues. And how this system based on rent and energy balance with the tribes through the organization of the redistribution was corrupted? What about today antagonisms? What happens Middle East is no stranger to our world, not only because it is near the Mediterranean, but because we are dealing with each case through the crisis of capitalism but also how it can lead the most violent reactions, all of our responsibility, and that starts by analyzing what went wrong and also what has been presented since as post-communist modernity. A reflection on democracy, the real, the FOR and BY the people is necessary, it happens in the immediate respect of peoples, non-interference.
It is clear that the system Gaddafi, in recent years in full swing, is exploding in social tensions, harsh repression of protests triggered a social explosion of great magnitude that we analyze here. But we can not rule out foreign intervention in the context of a reorganization of the Middle East that would develop a great game between the U.S. and Iran as the main protagonists. Oil regions or "bases" as Bahrain (1) make it more violent confrontations and threats of confrontation. Europe follows but may be drawn into interventions which may include military lead to a crisis that we are not measuring the consequences. Whatever the outcome, let the Libyan people to lead the social transformation.
It is clear that the system Gaddafi, in recent years in full swing, is exploding in social tensions, harsh repression of protests triggered a social explosion of great magnitude that we analyze here. But we can not rule out foreign intervention in the context of a reorganization of the Middle East that would develop a great game between the U.S. and Iran as the main protagonists. Oil regions or "bases" as Bahrain (1) make it more violent confrontations and threats of confrontation. Europe follows but may be drawn into interventions which may include military lead to a crisis that we are not measuring the consequences. Whatever the outcome, let the Libyan people to lead the social transformation.
Khadafi and tribes.
In 1951, Libya was the first African country to gain independence. In 1969, Muammar Gaddafi, claiming inspiration from Nasser seizes power and becomes the guide of the Revolution is a young militaire.En 1977, Libya is the Libyan Arab Republic and People's Socialist.
Nasser's model is a model of independence National. Is organized nationalization of resources that are distributed to the public, but an authoritarian model based on the security forces, the army in specific, are strongly repressed communists and political Islam. But Libyan society is not Egypt, it is a tribal society. In fact
Gadhafi has both subject tribes, but they left a social and even security forces. Libya as other Gulf countries outsource security and mercenaries, but security forces are divided along the lines of tribes and led by generals and military officials in departments who are more or less these tribes.
This is all the factors of an explosion and a confrontation that appeared to be at work. In the east, in revolt and now independent, is the tribe of Al-Zawiya headed appears to play an important role decided to cut oil imports to the West. Al Warfalla tribe, which is based in Benghazi, in turn, denounced the alliance and said that "Gaddafi is no longer a brother."
The harsh repression against demonstrators carried out by mercenaries, some of African origin, was seen as breaking the covenant of the tribes.
Is there a foreign influence is possible and even probable. The area is close to Egypt is known that the army still holds the reins of power is very close to the United States. They are now trying to install across the region that would combine a moderate political Islam and the army, a solution to the Turkish or Pakistani.
Pension system, its successes and crises.
But tribes mainly a social role. Libya lives almost exclusively on oil and Gadhafi came to power has instituted a system of "all free".
Libya, memebre of OPEC, is the fourth largest oil producer in Africa, has also developed its natural gas production is a sector in which it has estimated reserves of 1, 540 billion m3, according to OPEC. The country has doubled its exports of natural gas in three years. Of 5,400 million m3 in 2005, it rose to over 10,000 million m3 yearly, according to OPEC statistics. Its main customer is the Italian ENI Gas Trust (Suez Gaz de France is in the wake). When Tony Blair negotiated the terrorist act of forgetfulness and the integration of Gadhafi in the "respectability" that was obtaining significant benefits for BP.
this system for a time had considerable success: Libya al'espérance currently living the highest in Africa 74. The country has the highest GDP in Africa and the first index of human development in Africa, and it can be compared to the GDP of Argentina or Mexico.
The current crisis as seen by a researcher.
Listen rather what is said in depressive Jean-François Daguzan, senior fellow at the Foundation for Strategic Research:
"Through collective organizations, solidarity, cohesion devices and redistribution, the tribes have made themselves indispensable. So when Kadhafi arrived in 1969 and has implemented its social system "all free", competition with tribal leaders was quickly installed.
Especially since this singular welfare state in Africa has slowly led to his downfall Qaddafi current , since the lack of budget revenues has deprived Libya of investment it would need for growth. "
The tribal leaders have they always had this position of "competing" against Gadhafi?
"What has contributed to the success of Gaddafi at the beginning is its willingness to install a balance between the forces in place. Everyone should find his account: tribes, traders and large powerful cities, the people, and Senoussi - a kind of religious brotherhood and large tribal presence in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa. Gaddafi at the time, it was not Mubarak or Ben Ali: he presented as an arbiter between the real power groups.
Except that little little, the balance was disrupted, only benefits for the Gaddafi clan [which belongs to the tribe Gaddafi, located in central Canada, ed] Although a number of tribes have taken advantage of the system rather Gaddafi [ as MaKarha, located to the west and ally of the regime, note], others have borne the brunt of the jamming of power relations within the system. "
- The tribe's religious Senussi you speak she played a special role?
"By publishing the Green Paper in 1977, Colonel Gaddafi profondémment shocked leaders religious country. The religious tribe
was considered at the time of Idris I. [King of Libya from 1951 to 1969, ed] as the only link between the various tribes that make up the country. But she has suffered much from the arrival of Gaddafi to power. When Colonel
published its Green Paper in 1977, he has shocked everyone. A Muslim country, advocating for feminism and socialism, it was inconceivable for religious Senussi, still present today. And these criticisms are now many times by the Islamist anti-Gaddafi.
Furthermore, while they were losing more and more power within the Libyan system, the Senussi have also been deprived of all revenue generated pilgrimages financial and trade caravans, made with neighboring countries where religious communities were well established. "
"By publishing the Green Paper in 1977, Colonel Gaddafi profondémment shocked leaders religious country. The religious tribe
was considered at the time of Idris I. [King of Libya from 1951 to 1969, ed] as the only link between the various tribes that make up the country. But she has suffered much from the arrival of Gaddafi to power. When Colonel
published its Green Paper in 1977, he has shocked everyone. A Muslim country, advocating for feminism and socialism, it was inconceivable for religious Senussi, still present today. And these criticisms are now many times by the Islamist anti-Gaddafi.
Furthermore, while they were losing more and more power within the Libyan system, the Senussi have also been deprived of all revenue generated pilgrimages financial and trade caravans, made with neighboring countries where religious communities were well established. "
- You mentioned merchants how do they position themselves in relation to the challenge?
"I'm sure traders Libyans were among the first to rise in the east. To understand their role, we must remember that these traders Libyan quite powerful in the country, were in constant contact with the neighbor Egyptian economic and financial reasons. So when a war began between the two countries, traders have paid dearly, and wanted to power up.
Moreover, when the family Gaddafi began to appropriate the oil revenues in the same way traders have expressed their discontent. That's why I'm sure they were among the first demonstrators to rise against the regime, to the east, Benghazi. Conclusion
fast:
. It is indeed a cash economy that has become corrupt and owned by a family clan. The earlier structures that have never quite disappeared, tribal and religious, have returned to the opposition as resources became more chick.
Arab socialism whose model was Nasser's Egypt has experienced significant drift with Gaddafi but they were probably contained early in the undemocratic aspects, the attempt to secure the consent of the people through redistribution. The desire for national independence and was real excited but not citizenship. There was talk of Arab socialism in the same time when the majority of the people were deprived of opportunities for democratic intervention. Only the most archaic forces thus continued to organize civil society while at the top the guide and keep his family believed in having eliminated any expression of dissent. By providing ADDITION undeniable achievements in education, which has developed a youth here as elsewhere, not only unemployed but dreaming of the west, the mirage consummériste much as democratic. Logically
resistance to imperialism has followed a similar model, the distrust of masses and the encouragment of the deadliest terrorist adventures. Then a swing 180 degrees to the west to play for survival.
With the collapse of the USSR, the great neo-liberalism, corruption, appropriation of resources by a clan was the basis of "modernity".
Khadafi becoming "respectable", integrated with the West and not without reason as the man in the fight against Al Qaeda, has also turned his authority socialist redistributor in the monopolist, with his son who were as capitalist modernity.
As noted in Alain Gresh a recent interview, he adds: The deputy director of Le Monde Diplomatique recalls that the Gaddafi regime is in place for 40 years and has completely changed its policy over the years.
"Gaddafi has called the Nasser and Arab nationalism first, then he was confronted by Sadat, then he said he was abandoning the Arab world to focus on Africa. He was in a very hostile to Westerners, and then after 2003, he negotiated with the Americans to abandon its nuclear program and relations with Europe and the U.S. have improved.
Moreover, when the family Gaddafi began to appropriate the oil revenues in the same way traders have expressed their discontent. That's why I'm sure they were among the first demonstrators to rise against the regime, to the east, Benghazi. Conclusion
fast:
. It is indeed a cash economy that has become corrupt and owned by a family clan. The earlier structures that have never quite disappeared, tribal and religious, have returned to the opposition as resources became more chick.
Arab socialism whose model was Nasser's Egypt has experienced significant drift with Gaddafi but they were probably contained early in the undemocratic aspects, the attempt to secure the consent of the people through redistribution. The desire for national independence and was real excited but not citizenship. There was talk of Arab socialism in the same time when the majority of the people were deprived of opportunities for democratic intervention. Only the most archaic forces thus continued to organize civil society while at the top the guide and keep his family believed in having eliminated any expression of dissent. By providing ADDITION undeniable achievements in education, which has developed a youth here as elsewhere, not only unemployed but dreaming of the west, the mirage consummériste much as democratic. Logically
resistance to imperialism has followed a similar model, the distrust of masses and the encouragment of the deadliest terrorist adventures. Then a swing 180 degrees to the west to play for survival.
With the collapse of the USSR, the great neo-liberalism, corruption, appropriation of resources by a clan was the basis of "modernity".
Khadafi becoming "respectable", integrated with the West and not without reason as the man in the fight against Al Qaeda, has also turned his authority socialist redistributor in the monopolist, with his son who were as capitalist modernity.
As noted in Alain Gresh a recent interview, he adds: The deputy director of Le Monde Diplomatique recalls that the Gaddafi regime is in place for 40 years and has completely changed its policy over the years.
"Gaddafi has called the Nasser and Arab nationalism first, then he was confronted by Sadat, then he said he was abandoning the Arab world to focus on Africa. He was in a very hostile to Westerners, and then after 2003, he negotiated with the Americans to abandon its nuclear program and relations with Europe and the U.S. have improved.
The question regarding Khadafi is that it is capable of everything and all the turnovers, and we know more or less what is the mass base that remains. The fact is he chose a terrible punishment. Is what we need, because obviously the U.S. chose to get rid of even though they support the repression in Bahrain, consider that the reactionary forces that are manifest? Do not confuse the maneuvers of the West with which shakes the Arab world, we must respect the popular will, and the first observance is to prevent our own country are involved in one way or another.
The solution may intervene in political Islam, see the monarchy, but further work will be the people themselves will be more capacity for future demand is realized the actual content of his aspirations, and here as Furthermore, they are democratic, better live in dignity.
Whatever the outcome of this bloody showdown, Western countries, including ours, should let people live their choices through. The Western intervention can only make worse a situation already marked by the way Western countries have prevented any progressive solution and stirred up yesterday and today the corruption and civil wars in Arab countries, often making the oil windfall a real tragedy for the people.
A NATO intervention comparable to that which took place in Iraq or Afghanistan should be ruled forever whether Libya or any other place, the Security Council itself is longer a guarantee, only the General Assembly of the United Nations could be an appeal, but so far the United States and its allies have completely crippled and emptied of its political clout, however, essential. The crisis is not only financial, economic, energy, food, it is in all circumstances crisis of democratic institutions because everything has been done to prevent the intervention of the people. That this tragedy
interference stops and people operate regaining their sovereignty.
Bleitrach
Danielle (1) 22/02/11The The New York Times revealed details of the record U.S. abuses against human rights committed by the government of Bahrain. The newspaper said the contacts in the U.S. government's rights activist well known man Nabeel Rajab, were ordered to stop all communication with the Shiites in Bahrain, which campaigned against discrimination by the Sunni ruling family.
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