Chronicle published in Zamane / December 2010
FACTS. Nobody knows, the Battle of Three Kings is one of the highlights of our history. The event also figure prominently in the pantheon of our past greatness. Just think: August 4, 1578, Morocco won a crucial victory over the young Portuguese king Don Sebastian, the occasion ally to the traitor (and Yet dethroned sultan) Mohammed Al Moutawakil. The cream of the nobility Iberian come hunt the Moor in Moroccan ground, ended in Berezina around Ksar Al Kebir. Christian crusaders have only to behave themselves: the empire Shereefian jealously guards its territory.
In fact, the battle of the Three Kings was often regarded as the beginning of a golden age of Morocco, the starting point of the epic of Ahmed Al Mansour who push the boundaries of the empire Saadian to the borders of present-day Mali. But more than peak, the victory of Wad Al Makhazine instead made a break for Morocco. Although plagued by the economic crisis at the end of the reign of Ahmed Al Mansour, the scares Saadian empire in the world, both are still great memories of the failed crusade of Don Sebastian. Nearly three centuries later, when the sultan Abderrahmane was defeated by the French Isly (1844), the alarm is even more brutal.
CHANGE HISTORY. This August 4, 1578, therefore, the army of Don Sebastian, reinforced by troops from Al Moutawakil, waiting for her some 40 000 soldiers gathered by Abdelmalek Sultan. The Portuguese king, a devout Catholic, almost visionary, is excited to finally to do battle with the "Saracens". His uncle Philip II of Spain, it has not enter into a crusade, but Don Sebastian, who has not more than 23 years, does not care: it may reflect the victory of the century one that will make him a great king in Christendom.
the evening of the battle, the young king could breathe. His victory is complete: he has just learned the news of the death of Abdelmalek, his brother Ahmed also died on the battlefield, and what remains of the guard sultanic had no choice but to surrender. The news of the success of Don Sebastian succeeds quickly in Lisbon where the young King Sebastian is now nicknamed the Great.
For Morocco, it's the end of an era. More than ever, the former empire Shereefian is the bridgehead of a West African Christian voracious. As for Al Moutawakil, he has failed to quell the thirst for new conquests of the Iberian conquistadors. He also had to take the path of war against his former ally Portuguese. Repulsed still further south, the Sultan of Morocco now controls only Marrakesh, moreover, soon to fall into the hands of Don Sebastian. The ephemeral empire no longer Shereefian: Morocco is committed to being a Portuguese dependency.
400 YEARS LATER. is June 14, 1830 that French troops landed in Algeria. The days of the Portuguese presence in Morocco are counted. The Aviz dynasty, who has managed to keep filled, now living difficult days, and has long been forced to make concessions Morocco. So without difficulty, after having defeated the Emir Abdelkader, the French troops commanded by General Bugeaud undertake to submit, one after the other, false sultans and kings who are trying to restore a semblance of Moroccan independence. By 1840, the former empire Shereefian is thus entirely under French domination and the Hexagon can tap without affecting the resources of a North Africa entirely his boot, neither protectorates or department, just a great French empire in the south Mediterranean.
A Century later, after the Second World War, France is a country weakened the prestige, which must yield to the demands of independence in North Africa. The French occupation was that of beneficial it has blurred the boundaries intra-Maghreb: Tangier to Tunis, North Africa is no longer one set claiming independence together under one flag . Thus was born the Maghreb, new Federal Republic recognized by the United Nations, March 7, 1956.
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